D.I.E.T.E.T.I.C.S

Bachelor of Dietetics

Saya terpana ketika mendapat surat tawaran daripada IIUM, Alhamdulillah pilihan pertama saya berjaya diterima. Saya sendiri pun kurang pasti apa yang bakal saya belajar dalam bidang ini, cuma rough idea yang saya tahu tentang makanan. Saya masih ingat soalan yang ditanya semasa temuduga nak pilih kos di Kuantan.

"Please introduce yourself and give your reasons why you choose that course.." ask the interviewers.

Saya tidak ingat apa jawapan yang saya bagi, tapi apa yang pasti saya betul-betul nekad untuk pilih kos diet pada malamnya. Namun, saya betul-betul buntu adakah pilihan saya adalah yang terbaik. Kepada mak dan ayah, saya mohon mereka doakan kelancaran tutur kata saya pada hari ni. Alhamdulillah lebih kurang 15 minit interview selesai.

"Belajar kat mana sekarang? Ambik kos ape kat sana?" soalan2 favourite yang selalu ditanya. Tak kira la kawan ayah, kawan mak, saudara mara, jiran-jiran hatta rakan-rakan sepersekolahan pun.

"Kat UIA, ambik kos dietetik," jawapan ringkas.

"Ha, ape die? Kos ape tu?" Pulak. Apa jawapan yang sesuai yang saya nak jawap nih. Macam pelik sangat kos ni.Buntu.

"Bidang pemakanan."

"Oooo..."

Hmm. Itu adalah perbualan biasa yang saya dan kawan-kawan alami. Bidang Dietetik merupakan salah satu cabang dalam bidang Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu yang agak baru di Malaysia kalau nak dibandingkan dengan doktor, jururawat, doktor gigi dan bidang-bidang yang lain.

"Anak Cikgu S tu pun ambik bidang pemakanan juga, katanya food technology tapi tak pulak praktikal kat hospital," kata mak.

Hmm, apa jawapan yang terbaik nak bagitahu mak ni. "Tu lain mak, kos tu lebih kepada teknologi makanan. Macam mana nak hasilkan makanan baru, ubah suai yang sedia ada. Kan kita selalu tengok, banyak je produk2 baru kat kedai. Food technologist la yang reka. Selalunya diorang kat bahagian industri, kos angah ni kat hospital."

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What is Dietetics?

"The scientific study of food preparation and intake" (Web definition)

"The study and regulation of the diet" (Hyperdictionary definition)

"The science or study and regulation of the diet" (Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 30th ed.)

These definitions are woefully inadequate for what dietetics has grown to become. The basis of dietetics is the firm belief that optimal nutrition is essential for the health and well being of every person. This is why is an integral component of the healthcare field.

What is a Dietitian?

"A professional person who is translator of the science and art of foods, nutrition, and dietetics in the service of people- whether individually or in families or large groups; healthy or sick; and at all stages of the life cycle"

Dietetic practice is defined as the application of principles derived from the integration of knowledge of food, nutrition, biochemistry, physiology, management, and behavioral as well as social science to achieve and maintain the health people.

According to Malaysian Dietetic Association (MDA), dietitian:

* a professional trained in translating the science of food, nutrition and medical nutrition therapy to meet the needs of individual or target groups, whether in disease or health.

*He / she is equipped with the knowledge and skills to conduct nutritional assessment, prescribe medical nutrition therapy, provide dietary consultation for the treatment of diseases / illness, in both acute and chronic care.

* also play an important role in providing expertise in the promotion of wellness through proper eating, development of modified diets/ meals/recipes in the food service organization, catering industry and food manufacturing industry in various sectors.

* participate in research and apply practice, based on scientific – evidence.

* also involved in providing input for the formulation of policies, protocols, clinical practice guidelines, medical nutrition therapy guidelines, planning and implementation of programmes, to support the current healthcare needs of the population.

* He/she provide education and disseminate nutrition information through community activities, various modes of mass media like giving talks through radio, television, and writing in newsprint, professional articles for release in newspapers, journals, magazines, etc.

Types of dietitians

1. Clinical Dietitian

Clinical Dietitians, provide their services to inpatients and outpatients at hospitals or medical centres. Doctors refer patients to the dietitian for consultation on the nutritional modifications required for the treatment of the disease or condition for the critically ill or chronic diseases. Clinical dietitians conduct nutritional assessment, and prescribe the diet based on the anthropometry, biochemical, clinical diagnosis and dietary intake. Recommendation is made for the individual’s meal plan for a normal or therapeutic diet, to be administered either orally or via tube feeding. In certain cases, if tube feeding is not possible or unable to meet the nutritional requirements, parenteral nutrition will be required.

Clinical Dietitians work closely in a multidisciplinary team approach with the doctor and other Allied Health Professionals like nurses, pharmacists, physiotherapists, speech therapists, etc. to provide holistic care to the patients. The dietary advice, together with other aspects of care, for the patient and his/her carer/s are very important to ensure comprehension, compliance of treatment and reduce risk of morbidity.

2. Foodservice / Catering Dietitian

Food Service Dietitians or managers are responsible for planning and management of the meal production ( normal or therapeutic meals ) and delivery system to ensure quality and safety of foods provided to the patients or clients. The food service organizations include hospitals or medical centres, institutions, prisons, airline catering, staff cafetarias, food chain outlets, restaurants, etc. The dietitian’s responsibility encompass understanding of organizational policies, management of manpower, budgeting, procurement, purchasing, storage, food preparation, cooking, meal presentation and serving to the patients or clients.

Quality control and compliance to food safety standards and guidelines are crucial. Effort on obtaining feedback on customer’s satisfaction, customer’s expectation and continuous quality improvement are an aset to the organization.

3. Community Dietitian

Community Dietitians work closely with wellness programmes from health organizations from both local and international. These dietitians apply and disseminate knowledge about food and nutrition to individuals and target groups in the lifespan. They can be involved in coordinating nutritional programs in public health agencies, daycare centers, health clubs, recreational camps and resorts. Some community dietitians carry out clinical - based patient care in the form of Home - Visits for patients who are too ill physically, to attend consultation at health facilities or require the services of a dietitian for home-care services like meal planning, proper food preparation techniques and management of feeding regime for those on tube feeding.

There are also community dietitians that managed their own Private Consultation Practice. They contract independently, to provide nutrition and dietetic services, educational programmes and advice to individuals, nursing homes, private schools and in healthcare facilities.

4. Research Dietitian

Research Dietitians work at universities or research organizations. They conduct research studies in various aspects that support further development in nutrition and dietetics research. Some of the research scope may include studies on nutrients in foods, nutrient intake, clinical intervention, food preparation methods, dietary compliance studies, KAP studies and others. They may work closely with other universities, and research organizations, from local or international agencies in collaborating research. He/she also work with dietitians in clinical practice sector, to collaborate efforts, to further improve patient care.

Besides being involved in research, dietitians working in the University sector are also involved in providing teaching and education of undergraduates and postgraduate students. They are also involved in giving talks and provide education to other organizations and the mass media.

5. Sport Dietitian

Sports Dietitians work with sports organizations, and agencies involved in the promotion of sports among our population. The dietitian will conduct nutritional assessment based on the type of sports and requirements, prescribe the recommended diet for individuals to achieve peak performance in competitive sports and advice on food choices, food preparation techniques and eating habits. Besides sports, he/she is involved in promotion of sports, exercise and encourage a physically active lifestyle to support the Healthy Lifestyle Programme of the National Healthcare.

The dietitian works closely with the team of professionals like doctors, physical fitness instructors, physiotherapists, sports psychologists and others in managing the well being of the atletes.

6. Corporate Dietitian

Business Dietitians encompass dietitians working in sectors whereby consultancy and professional advice is required in disseminating professional and accurate information about a particular product, consultancy or service.

The Business dietitian may work with other categories of dietitians, other organizations to network, share knowledge and experience, so as to help and meet the needs of the client. This may involved sectors like food manufacturing industry, food service industry, pharmaceutical industry and others.

Training, education and imparting professional information to the clients, whether healthcare professionals or the public are important to address the current healthcare needs. He/she may be expected to work closely with other local or international organizations and facilities.

Sources: Malaysian Dietetic Association (MDA) and Lecture note Introduction to Patient Care